In Cisco IOS Release 15. To check whether the T1 Layer 1 runs properly, use the show controller t1 command. 10. HWIC-4T (Clear channel) HWIC-1CE1T1-PRI (Channelized T1E1) Which one should i go for and what is the difference between clear channel and channelized ports. Cisco serie 3900 Integrated Services Router. menu. IPB). Regular price $639. Leave the power cable plugged in to channel ESD voltages to ground. The Channelized T1/E1 and ISDN PRI modules work with the digital modem module in the Cisco 2800, 2900, 3800, and 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers to provide V. Broadcast address is 255. Cisco 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers build on 25 years of Cisco innovation and product leadership. com as of Friday Nov 24, 2023Cisco CISCO3945-SEC/K9 Cisco CISCO3945-SEC/K9 3945 Security Bundle w/SEC PAKPurchase Cisco CISCO3945-SEC/K9 3945 series Integrated Services and security Router with Fast shipping at cablendevices. Check Cisco ISR4351/K9 price and datasheet. Outlet. 00 $3,400. Buy & sell Cisco C3945E-VSEC/K9 router, New Refurbished Used C3945E-VSEC/K9, Cisco 3900E Series Voice Bundles router C3945E-VSEC/K9 price, 50%-98% OFF Global Price List. 1(1r)T4). Price Comparison; Webstores & Datafeeds; B2B ecommerce platform; Order Automation; Sell On Marketplace; Punch Out Stores; Advertising; List Your Stock; Distributors; Aboutkeyboard_arrow_down. Cisco 3945 Voice Sec. C3945 VSEC CUBE. Applies only to Cisco 3945 and Cisco 3945E routers. Cisco Systems C3945-vsec/k9 3945 Voice Sec Bundle Lic Fd (Certified Refurbished) $350. A cryptographic module is defined as "the set of hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements approved security functions (including cryptographic algorithms and key generation) and is contained within the cryptographic. 41. com buy & sell C3945-VSEC-SRE/K9 router, New Refurbished Used C3945-VSEC-SRE/K9 Cisco Router C3945-VSEC-SRE/K9 price, 50%-98% OFF Global Price List. Get Latest Price. The new Quick quote. Thanks & Regards. A 3945 came to me that was returned from the field and I was instructed to clean it up (physically), wipe the config and upgrade the ios. It also describes the software activation process for Cisco software activation and feature licensing for Cisco software on 3900, 2900, and 1900 Integrated Services Routers Generation 2. CISCO CISCO3945-V/K9 10/100/1000Mbps Integrated Services Router Be the first to review this product. Q1: We have installed a 60 day license for the security k9. Remote Management over RMON, SNMP, TR-069. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for CISCO 3945-Chassis - Integrated Services Router C3900-SPE150/K9 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Wired Routers Item #113398 Cisco 3945E Integrated Services Router - 4 Ports - PoE Ports - Management Port - 13 - 1 GB - Gigabit Ethernet - 3U - Rack-mountableThe Prices on the website is old and fluctuated as per dollar situations please fill the form in contact us to get new Prices for the Products! Wishlist ; My Account; Cart; For Urgent Query : 0347-3782712. Dell Fortinet Juniper. More Brands. Cisco Global Price List Tool Cisco Router, Switch, Firewall, Wireless AP. 3925E vs. Overall, the Cisco 3900 series offer unparalleled total cost of ownership savings and network agility through the intelligent integration of market leading security, unified communications, wireless, and application services. 1 10. 3945: Product Name. 3945E is NOT designed to push past 175 Mbps in a single direction. 1 (3)T. WAN Ports: 2. I needed to add a second power supply to a live-and-in-production Cisco 3945 router today, but I wasn’t 100% sure if that was a safe thing to do or not. The Cisco 3900 Series offers embedded hardware encryption acceleration, voice- and video-capable DSP slots. Cisco announces the end-of-sale and end-of-life dates for the Select Cisco ISR Integrated Services Router Bundles for China. Trending price is based on prices over last 90 days. More examples that are related to Cisco 2900 router license will share here. End-of-Life Announcement Date. 3945 Grandis Pl is a 5,349 square foot house on a 10,023 square foot lot with 4 bedrooms and 4. 77,000. Dell Fortinet Juniper NetApp Aruba. The Cisco 3900 Series offers embedded hardware encryption acceleration, voice- and video-capable DSP slots, optional firewall, intrusion. The Cisco 3900 Series builds on the best-in-class offering of the existing Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers by now offering four platforms the Cisco 3945E, Cisco 3925E, Cisco 3945, and Cisco 3925 Integrated Services Routers. One is at our Data center router connected and other is at our headoffice. please go through on it and replay me please. Cisco 3945 Integrated Services Router - 3 Ports - Management Port - 17 Slots - Gigabit Ethernet - 3U - Rack-mountable C3945-VSEC-CUBE/K9. Getting the Best Price on Cisco Products at Router-switch. Could someone help me on this. I have this problem too. 05-18-2014 03:19 AM - edited 03-04-2019 11:00 PM. The integrated services routers generation 2 are future-enabled with support for the high capacity DSPs. (3945) and remove the blank panel to the right of SM2 (3925). 1 results for Cisco 3945E Integrated Services Router. Any returned computer that. ISR are Integrated Service Router, developed by cisco for small branch. Add to cart. 3EHWIC. 2. $22,425. US$ 1,526. Cisco 900 Series Integrated Services Routers. 02-20-2010 09:18 AM. Enclosure Type. Integrated Services Router 1841, 2800, and 3800 Series product families have lead the access routing market for the past 6 years; however with greater demands in the branch for higher performance for next-generation WAN connectivity, increased media collaboration, video and virtualization applications, Services on Demand, and greater. 1ah, IEEE 802. 1Q, IEEE 802. Beginner Options. Details Select delivery location Only 1 left in stock - order soon Buy. It is typically included in the price of the product. 4 (3)M8. Cisco 3945E router. Cisco 1841 Cisco 1861 Cisco 1941 Cisco 1941W Cisco 2851 Cisco 2821 Cisco 2801 Cisco 3845 Cisco 3845-NOVPN Cisco 2911 Cisco 2921 Cisco 2951 Cisco 3925 Cisco 3925-E Cisco 3945 Cisco 3945-E . Ambos routers Cisco ISR 3900 Series ofrecen aceleración de cifrado integrada en hardware, ranuras paraThe C3945-AX/K9 is a Cisco 3945 router that has 3 network ports and supports up to 15 modular interface cards, providing a variety of connectivity options for different network requirements. The last day to order the affected product(s) is. Supports IGMP v3, OSPF, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, IPSec, IEEE 802. Communication mode: Full-Duplex: Number of LAN ports:. Buy or Renew. 152-1. HWIC-4SHDSL-E. We sell Cisco CISCO3945E/K9 3945 with spe250 4ge 3eHWIC 3DSP 4sm 256mbcf 1gbDRAM IPB at great prices and offer a full warranty on the Cisco products we sell. upgraded version of another Cisco product within a same price range. Bundle, PVDM3-64, UC and SEC License PAK : C3925-VSEC/K9 . 10 - 3945 Router C3945axk9 at CompSource. EXPERT TECH HELP: Real experts are available 24/7 to help with set-up, connectivity issues, troubleshooting. Series: Cisco 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers: Product Type: Branch Routers: Status: End of Support EOL Details: Release Date 13-OCT-2009: End-of-Sale Date: 09-DEC-2017 Details: End-of-Support Date: 31-DEC-2022. menu. For more information. Search for:. Field Notice: FN - 64096 - NIM-2GE-CU-SFP (=) Module Can Overheat and Cause Packet Loss or Module Failure - Replace on Failure. MFG# C3945-VSEC/K9. Cisco 3945 w/SPE150(3GE,4EHWIC,4DSP,4SM,256MBCF,1GBDRAM,IPB). All Cisco 2900 Series Integrated Services Routers offer embedded hardware encryption acceleration,Cisco Router Price Check the latest Cisco Global Price List from itprice. Catalyst 8300-1N1S-6T. Build & Price; Cisco 3945 router price on HarMaalWala - The Cisco 3900 series offer unparalleled total cost of ownership savings and network agility. Login. The Cisco 4-port MFT VWIC3 card are first supported in Cisco IOS Softwae Release 15. Part Number#: CISCO3945/K9. 1 results for Cisco 3945 Integrated Services Router Sort by: SKU (A to Z) Inventory quantities are subject to availability and are not guaranteed until the order is placed. Cisco 800 Series Routers. Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers. Cisco HP / HPE Dell Fortinet Juniper. Products are brand new and sealed. You basically have one fix 10/100/1000 port Gi0/0. • Each ISM slot offers high-data-throughput capability: Up to 4-Gbps aggregate toward the route processor. Home. More Brands. Desktop, rack-mountable - modular - 3U. Cisco 3945 - router - desktop Model Cisco 3945 Dimensions (WxDxH) 47. make appropriate changes and test it, make sure you change the routing from your FastEther to the new port and adjust the config accordingly. When it was reconnected to the network the links did not come up and the router did not respond to console requests (not. Revanta Tech - Offering Black Wired Used Cisco 3945 K9 Router at Rs 35500 in Gurgaon, Haryana. This document describes the software activation and feature licensing process for Cisco software on Cisco 890, 880, and 860 Integrated Services Routers. • The ISM replaces the AIM slot; existing AIM modules are not supported in the ISM slot. "SSH Weak MAC Algorithms Enabled,SSH is configured to allow MD5 and 96-bit MAC algorithms". 50%-98% off Cisco3945/K9 price, buy brand new cisco 3900 router (In Stock): 3945 router - SPE150, 3GE, 4EHWIC, 4DSP, 4SM, 256MBCF, 1GBDRAM, IP Base online! CISCO 3945/K9 - Cisco ISR G2 3900 Router JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. 00 $4,000. Applies only to Cisco 2921 router. Router per filiali. Fine supporto Dettagli sulla fine del ciclo di vita. For Cisco 3945 we have variety of cards available i. Cisco 3945 Integrated Services Routers build on 25 years of Cisco innovation and product leadership. Cisco 3945E Integrated Services Router; Cisco 3945E Integrated Services Router. End-of-Sale Date : HW. 4 Enhanced High-Speed WAN Interface Card slots,4 onboard digital signal processor (DSP) slots. System restarted at 22:29:32 ZONE Mon Oct 19 2015 System image file is "flash:c3900-universalk9-mz. 3af Power over Ethernet. 3 onboard GE, C3900-SPE150/K9, 4 EHWIC slots, 4 DSP slots, 1 ISM slot, 4 SM slots, 256MB CF default, 1 GB DRAM default, IP Base. 1gbdram. Hall of Fame. How I can do upgrade ? It seems on 3900, it needs IOS software activation to activate new services and im. Product overview. English . 55. SPA. T Wan "Product Type: Routing/Switching Devices/Routers & Gateways" and find millions of items, delivered faster than ever. 844. com. 96 $377. Note Only the 48-port Cisco enhanced EtherSwitch service modules support SFP. You have no items in your shopping cart. Buy a Cisco 3945 Router w 3xGbE, 4xEHWIC, 4xDSP, 4xSM, IP Base and get great service and fast delivery. 108,000-29%. The ASA seems to have a max advertised firewall throughput of 450Mbps. 5-Year Warranty on all Products! Free Ground Shipping. The integrated services routers generation 2 are future-enabled with support for the. 52. 4SM. 1ag Networking. reserves the right to test "dead on arrival" returns and impose a customer fee equal to 15 percent of the product sales price if the customer misrepresents the condition of the product. Integrated Service because are modular routers and/or support a lot of integrated features like: Just to add to the above post, 39XX are ISR-G2 routers (2nd Generation). Price for performance: The Cisco 4000 Series allows branch offices to handle increased bandwidth using a single box without the need for. To install a service module or network module, follow these steps: Step 1 Turn off electrical power to the router. Price Beating: Submit. Cisco 3945 vs. Cisco 3945 Router w 3xGbE, 4xEHWIC, 4xDSP, 4xSM, IP Base (CISCO3945/K9) Zeroing in on Cybersecurity. 1GBDRAM. 723. Manufacturer Aliases. Your Price: $14,458. CISCO851W-G-A-K9 . Description Four port 10/100 Ethernet switch interface card Cisco Router High-Speed WAN Interface card. NAME: "3845 chassis", DESCR: "3845 chassis". The date the document that announces the end-of-sale and end-of-life of a product is distributed to the general public. It is typically included in the price of the product. Cisco Virtual Office - End User Instructions for Cisco 871 and Cisco 881 Router Set Up at Home or Small Office 04-May-2011. com: Cisco 3945 Voice Bundle - Router - Voice/Fax Module - Gige - Rack-Mountable Product Type: Networking/RoutersMethod 2. Table 1. For 500 Mbps, an ASR 1001-X or 4451-X would be a good fit. 2 in x 18. 1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars 5 stars. Cisco V. Inserting a card or […]Canada (English) Canada (Français) Cart (0) (0)This product is available as Renewed. View detailed Import data, price, monthly trends, major importing countries, major ports of router cisco 3945 under HS Code 8517. More Brands. 8. 0(33)S3, 12. Note Both small form-factor pluggable (SFP) and 10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces can support trunks. The Cisco 3945 router, modular Services Performance Engine (SPE) 150, which can be upgraded for even higher performance as next-generation WAN environments evolve. com no longer supports IE 11. The new Cisco Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 (ISR G2) platforCisco 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers EOL11157 - Amended Cisco announces the end-of-sale and end-of-life dates for the Cisco 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers. Cisco Integrated Services Routers—Performance Overview. 256MBCF. 151-4. Dell Fortinet Juniper. 255. 7. All routers have this reset button. Note Only the 48-port Cisco enhanced EtherSwitch service modules support SFP. 4 x RJ-45 + 2 x SFP embedded ports, up to 1G WAN. Find Cisco routers that fit for branch, WAN, LAN, service provider. 00 91% OFF Buy Now Bulk Quote & Project Inquiry Product Overview Specification Price History Product Overview Technical Specifications Capacity Type. Cisco. Cisco IOS Security - License - 1 router - for Cisco 3925, 3945. 11 (You save $293. The SFP-1G-SX module operates in 10G, 10/25G dual rate and 10/25/50G tri-rate ports of Cisco switches and routers, but provides 1G connectivity. 86. Field Notice: FN - 63723 - CISCO39xx and VG350 Fans Might Fail Due to Capacitor Issue - Replace on Failure. Explore Cisco 3945 router prices in Pakistan at Connect Network Technology. Options. Chinese; EN US;. With IPSEC/AES we can do 848Mbps on a 3945 and 1400byte packets and the 2900s range from 150-280Mbps or so depending on which 2900. You need to read the fine print carefully. (PDF - 1 MB) Cisco Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 Ordering Guide. Best sellers of Wired Routers Lowest price of Wired Routers 3 x RJ-45 10/100/1000Base-T WAN WAN Ports 1 x RJ. Upgrade Your Cisco Routers/Cisco Router Migration Options. When the router is working when there are no problems, the "show processes cpu sorted 5sec" command shows the following "CPU utilization for five seconds: 35% / 35%; one minute: 42%; five minutes: 42%", but at some. • The 4-Pair G. Applies only to Cisco 3945 and Cisco 3945E routers. The second power supply provides redundancy, load sharing, and increased router availability. $8,000. Cisco 5000 Series Enterprise Network Compute System. Jon Marshall. SPA. " command. Sort by: SKU (Z to A) SKU (A. Buy Cisco CISCO3945E/K9 3945E Integrated Services Router with fast shipping and top-rated customer service. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Cisco 3945E 4-Port Gigabit Wired Router (CISCO3945E-SEC/K9) at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!. Device Type. 3EHWIC. Contact Seller. Build & Price; Videos. Any Cisco product which is an upgrade of a previous version is, a minimum, 30% more expensive than the previous version. 255. 2000/- Login / Register3 integrated 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports with 2 ports capable of RJ-45 or SFP connectivity. Shopping Cart ×. Buy & sell Cisco CISCO3945E-SEC/K9 router, New Refurbished Used CISCO3945E-SEC/K9, Cisco 3900E Series Voice Bundles router CISCO3945E-SEC/K9 price, 50%-98% OFF Global Price List. 2 rack unit, 6 x 1G WAN. The Cisco Gigabit Ethernet WAN EHWIC (EHWIC 1 GE-SFP-CU) is an enhanced high-speed interface card providing copper and optical Gigabit Ethernet ports and connectivity of T1/E1 and T3/E3 over optical for Cisco ISRs. Cisco 3800 series routers operate at a temperature of 32 to 104 degrees F (0 to 40 degrees C) and a humidity of 5 to 95. The new Cisco Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 (ISR G2) platfor C3945-AX/K9 Cisco 3945 AX Bundle w/ App, SEC Lic ISR4451-X-AX/K9 Cisco ISR 4451 AX Bundle with APP and SEC license - C3945-AX/K9 Cisco 3945 AX Bundle w/ App, SEC Lic ISR4431-AX/K9 Cisco ISR 4431 AX Bundle with APP and SEC license - C3945-AXV/K9 Cisco 3945 AXV Bundle, PVDM3-64, APP, SEC, UC Lic, CUBE-25 ISR4431-AXV/K9 Cisco ISR 4431 AXV Cisco 3945 Integrated Services Router build on 25 years of Cisco innovation and product leadership. $79900 FREE delivery September 21 - 29. 2550. 450. Add to wishlist. Dual power supplies. English . *ORIGINAL NEW SEALED* Cisco Router CISCO3945/K9- Cisco 3945 with 3 onboard GE, C3900-SPE150/K9, 4 EHWIC slots, 4 DSP slots, 1 ISM slot, 4 SM slots, 256MB CF default, 1 GB DRAM default, IP Base These features include Cisco IOS Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) VPN, Cisco IOS Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), and Cisco IOS Content Filtering. and Canadian government standard that specifies security requirements for cryptographic modules. 10. Enter “show version. 2G SD-WAN throughput. 75 at Stack-Systems Store. CISCO3945/K9-RF. VPN ISM module HSEC bundles for 3945 ISR platform. • The Cisco SRE Service Module is supported on Cisco 2911, 2921, 2951, 3925, 3925E, 3945, and 3945E Integrated Services Routers, part of the Cisco ISR G2 portfolio. Step -1. 1 results for Cisco 3945E Integrated Services Router. Any returned computer that is damaged through customer misuse. It is typically included in the price of the product. Firewall protection, VPN support, MPLS support, Syslog support, content filtering, IPv6 support, Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ), Weighted Random Early. 1. Data di rilascio. 99 Quantity. The Cisco 3900 Series builds on the best-in-class offering of the existing Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers by now offering four platforms, the Cisco 3945E, Cisco 3925E, Cisco 3945, and Cisco 3925 Integrated Services Routers. EN US. SPA. Products. Cisco 3925/3945 AC Power Supply. $13,490. Enclosure Type. 4DSP. This document describes the software activation and feature licensing process for Cisco software on Cisco 890, 880, and 860 Integrated Services Routers. Contacts +36 20 807 9600 [email protected]The address is then returned to the pool for use by another host. 2. DSL Interface Cards. Products. What’s the full address of this home? 4 beds, 2. This feature was renamed and. Configuring Maintenance Data Link. The ISR-AX bundles include the option for purchase of SRE or Cisco UCS E-Series modules at a promotional price. 4ge. The platforms are architected to enable the next phase of branch-office evolution, providing rich media collaboration and virtualization to the branch while maximizing operational cost savings. Applies only to Cisco 2951, Cisco 3925, and Cisco 3925E routers. And we are trying to set up a client to site vpn on this. item 1 C3945-VSEC/K9 CISCO3945-VSEC/K9 Cisco 3945 DUAL PS CISCO3945-SEC/K9 PVDM3-64 C3945-VSEC/K9 CISCO3945-VSEC/K9 Cisco 3945. item 1 CISCO 3945 Integrated Services Router C3900-SPE150/K9, SM-NM ADPTR CISCO 3945 Integrated Services Router C3900-SPE150/K9, SM-NM ADPTR $100. 8 in x 17. 0. You Save:Shop Amazon for Cisco 3945E - router - desktop, rack-mountable and find millions of items, delivered faster than ever. Cisco 3945 Voice Bundle - router - voice / fax module. Here below the "show ip int fa0/0/1": Router_1#show ip int fa0/0/1. If you can get the router to boot using the image in flash it would be helpful if you would post the output of show version. Rack Units: 3U. Network / Transport Protocol: IPSec, PPPoE, L2TPv3. 3, IEEE 802. The ISR-G2 comes with a 60-day evaluation license. L-FL-39-SNA. Shop the wireless wifi router selection now to have the right model for your needs delivered right to your door. Computers & Accessories. 4sm. 3 in x 5. Products. 255. SPA. 4-pair EFM over G. Secure Voice on Cisco Integrated Services Routers. These newer. Nickname. com. Cisco 3945 Router Quick Specs: Number of Available WAN/LAN Ports: 3 at onceThe problem was that many Cisco customers would just buy a router with the IP base IOS image and download the most advanced IOS image for it. Hypervisors. Added Cisco 2911, Cisco 2921, Cisco 2951, Cisco 3925, and Cisco 3945 routers support. The EHWIC 1 GE-SFP-CU provides copper and optical Gigabit Ethernet connectivity through a dual-purpose uplink. IPB. Check ROUTERS price from the latest Cisco price list 2022. Field Notice: FN - 63355 - ISR G2 Routers Fail to Respond to. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Amazon. BB. 02-Nov-2015. menu. Powered by the Modular Services Performance Engine, the Cisco (CISCO3945-SEC/K9) 3945 3-port router provides you high-quality voice and data connectivity. A Cisco 3945E router can handle up to 2924000 PPS, which. 1 results for Cisco 3945E Integrated Services Router. The router was acquired used and the password recovery was disabled. T. Global Price in USD. Shop Amazon for Cisco 3945 Integrated Services Router - 4 x PVDM, 4 x HWIC, 5 x Services Module, 2 x CompactFlash (CF) Card, 2 x SFP (Mini-GBIC) - 3 x 10/100/1000Base-T Network WAN - CISCO3945/K9 and find millions of items, delivered faster than ever. com: Cisco 3900 Series - 3945 Integrated Services Router : Electronics. Chinese Version of Cisco 800 Series Router Cabling and Setup Quick Start Guide 30-May-2011. HWIC-4SHDSL-E . Cisco: Product Series. 99. Options. com (Best Cisco Supplier online). 03-09-2014 11:51 PM - edited 03-04-2019 10:32 PM. com: Cisco 3945E Security Bundle - Router - Gige - Rack-Mountable Product Type: Networking/Routers : ElectronicsThe Cisco 3900 series, 2900 series, and 1900 series Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 offer secure, wire-speed delivery of concurrent data, voice, and video services. Gbic) . 1. Cisco SNA Feature for Cisco 3925-3945 Routers - license - 1 route. 3945 Cisco 3945E kpps (64-byte packets) 25 50 100 290 330 330 352 479 579 833 1845 982 2924 Mbps (1500-byte packets) 197 198 1400 2770 2932 3114 3371 3502 5136 6903 6703 8025 8675 For NDR tests sometimes the platforms can process and forward packets faster than the. Call us: 1-855-889-8866. 5 Physical Scope of the TOE The TOE is a hardware and software solution that makes up the following router modelsThe C3945-CME-SRST/K9 Cisco Integrated Services Router 3945 UC Bundle is a high-performance router designed for small to medium-sized businesses and enterprise branch offices. The section describes the commands used to configure the Cisco SM-X-1T3/E3 on Cisco ISR 4451-X routers: Setting the Card Type for T3/E3. CISCO3945-SEC/K9 bundle Security function, supporting Security Cisco IOS Firewall, IPS, IPsec (3DES and AES), SSL VPN, and IP. Hi ! I have a 3945 with C3900-UNIVERSALK9-M), Version 15. 2G SD-WAN throughput. CISCO | sku: CISCO3945/K9. All Cisco enhanced EtherSwitch service modules, use RJ-45 connectors to provide Fast Ethernet (FE) or Gigabit Ethernet (GE) connections.